Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal health problem that affects most people.
Although the number varies mainly during the reproductive period of girls and women (15-44 years), the number of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome increases from 15 years to 44 years of age (2.2% -28.6%). .
The number of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome varies from country to country and may vary depending on the diagnosis criteria. In European countries, 15-20 percent of fertile women are affected by this problem.
In American countries, the number is close to 20 percent. This number is expected to be higher in Asian countries. However, in Bangladesh this rate is assumed to be close to 25 percent.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a physical problem caused by an excess of androgens (male sex hormones) in the female body. In this case, various symptoms appear due to the effect of androgen hormone in the female body.
Such as- a) Irregular menstruation b) Excessive bleeding c) Excessive hair on the face and body (masculine) d) Acne on the face and other parts of the body. It may be accompanied by other physical problems – lower abdominal pain, black skin (neck, armpits, etc.) like infertility, infertility.
These patients have a much higher risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Many of them suffer from physical obesity, nasal congestion and sudden shortness of breath during sleep, increased risk of heart disease, mental imbalance and increased risk of uterine cancer.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a combination of genetic defects and environmental defects. Adolescents with genetic defects are more likely to gain weight, perform less physical activity, and eat a risky diet.
When polycystic ovary syndrome occurs, the ovaries are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of the hormone testosterone. This is due to the release of excess LH by the pituitary gland and the presence of insulin resistance in the body.
The main reason for the name Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is that these patients may have cysts of different ages, different sizes, different numbers in the ovaries.
But it is clearly a hormonal problem. Most patients have insulin resistance and are obese.
Symptoms-
1. Irregular menstruation: Most girls menstruate after 40 or 45 or 50 days or in some cases more days later. In most cases there may be a small amount of menstruation, in some cases there is excessive menstruation. It is not uncommon for menstruation to stop for months.
This problem can start at the beginning of puberty, it can start at any other time during the reproductive period.
2. Infertility: A large proportion of women who fail to have children are due to polycystic ovary syndrome. And the reason for this infertility is the absence of eggs in many of the menstrual cycles.
3. It is also manifested by the presence of high levels of masculine hormones. As a result, women’s hair can look like men’s hair (hirsotism), acne on the face or other parts of the body, masculinity, etc. Three out of every four women with polycystic ovary syndrome have these symptoms.
4. Metabolic syndrome: In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the symptoms of insulin resistance in the body are gradually increasing – weight gain, loss of appetite, weakness, memory impairment, presence of soft black skin on the back of the neck or armpits, abnormal blood clots, increased blood glucose. Etc.
Diagnosis
To detect polycystic ovary syndrome, the presence of either of the two commonly mentioned criteria is required-
– Evidence of the presence of excess androgen hormone in the female body.
– Irregular menstruation.
– Ovarian.
Experimentation
– Serum testosterone, Ellis, FSH.
– Ultrasonogram of the abdomen.
– OGTT.
Treatment
Life-style management: It is important to pay close attention to food management at the beginning of treatment. Food management will help the patient’s body weight reach the desired level, improve metabolic processes so as to increase the likelihood of decreased insulin resistance. Ideal lifestyle management will reduce the patient’s risk of heart disease and diabetes.
The diet for polycystic ovary syndrome will be low in sugar, with vegetables (excluding potatoes), colorful fruits and non-vegetarian foods predominant.
Physical labor should be arranged keeping in view the body weight.
Medicine
– Birth control pills used by women to contain low levels of estrogen and progesterone are very helpful drugs.
– Metformin
– Unwanted hair removal cream
– Drugs to increase fertility
Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome do not understand the physical symptoms of the problem very quickly. Some people understand the symptoms but are reluctant to seek medical attention due to hesitation. Because of the prevalence and far-reaching health risks of the disease, it is important for all women of reproductive age to seek the help of a hormonal specialist to find out if they have this problem.